Common types of joints/fittings
Coupler/straight connector: Joins two pipes in a straight line.
Elbow (90°, 45°): Changes direction of the pipe run.
Tee (T-fitting): Splits or combines flow in three directions.
Cross: Four-way connection where four pipes meet.
Reducer/reducing bush: Connects pipes of different diameters.
Union: A detachable joint that lets you disconnect a section without cutting.
Socket/spigot: One end fits into another to form a joint (often solvent-welded).
End cap/plug: Closes the end of a pipe.
Threaded adapter: Converts plain pipe to a threaded connection for valves, taps, etc.
Jointing methods
Solvent cement (for PVC/CPVC/UPVC): Pipe and fitting are cleaned, primed, then solvent cement is applied, and parts pushed together to form a permanent, welded-type joint.
Threaded joints: Male and female threaded fittings screwed together, often with PTFE tape for sealing; useful where disassembly may be needed.
Compression fittings: Use a nut and rubber or plastic ring to clamp onto the pipe, allowing for mechanical, sometimes reusable joints.
Heat fusion (HDPE): Ends are heated and fused (butt fusion, socket fusion) to create a continuous leak-tight pipeline.
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